Phenolic compounds adsorption from olive oil industry effluent using experimental design methodology: screening and central composite design optimization
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Abstract: The experimental design methodology was investigated to model and optimize the adsorption process for removing phenolic compounds (PC) from olive mill wastewater (OMW) using magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxide (LDH). The LDH powders were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The structural, textural and morphological characterizations were performed. To evaluate quickly and effectively the effects of five parameters (initial PC content, contact time, solid/liquid (S/L) ratio, initial pH, and temperature) on the adsorption efficiency, a Hadamard matrix was employed for screening. Subsequently, a central composite design (CCD) was utilized to optimize the adsorption process based on four key parameters. The correlation coefficient for the polynomial model was found to be 94%. Predicted values generated from the response function matched the experimental data closely, indicating a good agreement. Under the selected optimal conditions, a maximum PC removal efficiency of 80.85 % was achieved. The reusability of the regenerated LDH by calcination at 500 °C in the adsorption process was assessed over four consecutive runs under the selected optimal conditions. The removal percentages of PC and chemical oxygen demand (COD) indicated that calcined LDH could be a viable alternative for treating OMW.
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