Influence of various cosolvents on the calcium oxide-catalyzed ethanolysis of sunflower oil
Main Article Content
Abstract
Ten organic solvents (triethanolamine, diethanolamine, ethylene glycol, methyl ethyl ketone, n-hexane, triethylamine, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, glycerol, tetrahydrofuran and dioxane) were applied as cosolvents in the CaO-catalyzed ethanolysis of sunflower oil performed in a batch stirred reactor under the following reaction conditions: temperature 70 °C, ethanol-to-oil mole ratio 12:1, initial catalyst concentration 1.374 mol·L-1 and amount of cosolvent 20 % based on the oil amount. The main goals were to assess the effect of the used cosolvents on the synthesis of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) and to select the most efficient one with respect to the final FAEE content, reaction duration and safety profile. In the absence of any cosolvent, the reaction was rather slow, providing a FAEE content of only 89.7±1.7 % after 4 h. Of the tested cosolvents, diethanolamine, triethanolamine and ethylene glycol significantly accelerated the ethanolysis reaction, whereby the last two provided a final FAEE content of 93.1±2.1 and 94.1±1.5 %, respectively, within 0.5 h. However, because of its safety profile, triethanolamine was selected as the best cosolvent for the ethanolysis of sunflower oil catalyzed by calcined CaO.
Downloads
Metrics
Article Details
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license 4.0 that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
References
O. S. Stamenković, A. V. Veličković, V. B. Veljković, Fuel 90 (2011) 3141 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.06.049)
Ž. Kesić, I. Lukić, M. Zdujić, Lj. Mojović, D. Skala, Chem. Ind. Chem. Eng. Q. 22 (2016) 391 (https://doi.org/10.2298/CICEQ160203010K)
D. M. Marinković, M. V. Stanković, A. V. Veličković, J. M. Avramović, M. R. Mila-dinović, O. S. Stamenković, V. B. Veljković, D. M. Jovanović, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 56 (2016) 1387 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.007)
M. R. Miladinović, M. B. Tasić, O. S. Stamenković, V. B. Veljković, D. U. Skala, Chem. Ind. Chem. Eng. Q. 22 (2016) 137 (https://doi.org/10.2298/CICEQ150618027M)
I. B. Banković-Ilić, M. R. Miladinović, O. S. Stamenković, V. B. Veljković, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 72 (2017) 746 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.076)
M. Kouzu, A. Fujimori, T. Suzuki, K. Koshi, H. Moriyasu, Fuel Process. Technol. 165 (2017) 94 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.05.014)
J. Park, B. Kim, Y. K. Chang, J. W. Lee, Bioresour. Technol. 230 (2017) 8 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.027)
D. Z. Troter, Z. B. Todorović, D. R. Đokić-Stojanović, O. S. Stamenković, V. B. Veljko¬vić, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 61 (2016) 473 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.04.011)
Z. B. Todorović, O. S. Stamenković, I. S. Stamenković, J. M. Avramović, A. V. Veličko¬vić, I. B. Banković-Ilić, V. B. Veljković, Fuel 107 (2013) 493 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.11.049)
I. B. Banković-Ilić, Z. B. Todorović, J. M. Avramović, A. V. Veličković, V. B. Veljko-vić, Fuel Process. Technol. 137 (2015) 339 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.03.023)
M. Hashemzadeh Gargari, S. M. Sadrameli, Energy 148 (2018) 888 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.01.105)
C. M. Trentin, A. P. Lima, I. P. Alkimim, C. da Silva, F. de Castilhos, M. A. Mazutti, J. V. Oliveira, Fuel Process. Technol. 92 (2011) 952 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.12.016)
W. Roschat, T. Siritanon, T. Kaewpuang, B. Yoosuk, V. Promarak, Bioresour. Technol. 209 (2016) 343 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.038)
AOCS. Official and tentative methods, Chicago: American Oil Chemists Society, 1980
A. V. Veličković, J. M. Avramović, O. S. Stamenković, V. B. Veljković, Chem. Ind. Chem. Eng. Q. 22 (2016) 409 (https://doi.org/10.2298/CICEQ160106003V)
A. V. Veličković, O. S. Stamenković, Z. B. Todorović, V. B. Veljković, Fuel 104 (2013) 433 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.08.015)
J. Avramović, A. Veličković, O. Stamenković, K. Rajković, P. Milić, V. Veljković, Energy Convers. Manage. 105 (2015) 1149 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.08.072)
O. S. Stamenković, Z. B. Todorović, M. L. Lazić, V. B. Veljković, D. U. Skala, Bioresour. Technol. 99 (2008) 1131 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.02.028)
Z. B. Todorović, D. Z. Troter, D. R. Đokić-Stojanović, A. V. Veličković, J. M. Avra-mović, O. S. Stamenković, Lj. M. Veselinović, V. B. Veljković, Fuel 237 (2019) 903 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.10.056)
D. Z. Troter, Z. B. Todorović, D. R. Đokić-Stojanović, Lj. M. Veselinović, M. V. Zdujić, V. B. Veljković, J. Mol. Liq. 266 (2018) 557 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.06.106)
M. Kouzu, J. Hidaka, K. Wakabayashi, M. Tsunomori, Appl. Cat., A: Gen. 390 (2010) 11 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2010.09.029)
O. Ilgen, A. N. Akin, N. Boz, Turk. J. Chem. 33 (2009) 289 (https://doi.org/10.3906/kim-0809-30)
H. A. Aziz, M. K. Aroua, R. Yusoff, N. A. Abas, Z. Idris, Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol. 10 (2017) 352 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2017.04.014)
W. Huang, S. Tang, H. Zhao, S. Tian, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 52 (2013) 11943 (https://doi.org/10.1021/ie401292w)
C. Rodriguez-Navarro, I. Vettori, E. Ruiz-Agudo, Langmuir 32 (2016) 5183 (https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01065)
M. Sánchez-Cantú, F. M. Reyes-Cruz, E. Rubio-Rosas, L. M. Pérez-Díaz, E. Ramírez, J. S. Valente, Fuel 138 (2014) 126 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.08.006)
M. L. Granados, D. M. Alonso, I. Sádaba, R. Mariscal, P. Ocón, Appl. Catal., B: Environ. 89 (2009) 265 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.02.014)
B. Yoosuk, P. Udomsap, B. Puttasawat, P. Krasae, Chem. Eng. J. 162 (2010) 135 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.05.013).