Adsorptive removal of Pb(II) from industrial effluent using nitric acid modified activated carbon: Optimization using Taguchi method
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Abstract
The study aimed to examine the use of nitric-acid-modified granular activated carbon to treat the wastewater of a lead-acid battery recycling unit for lead removal. The adsorbent was characterized using FTIR, SEM and XRD analyses. Surface functional groups, surface morphology and crystallinity were altered due to the modification. The batch adsorption study was conducted to evaluate the effects of adsorbent dose, initial pH, and contact time on adsorption performance for lead removal. Experiments were performed according to the Taguchi design of experiment method and factors were optimized based on SNR analysis to maximize the response. The ideal factor values were found to be pH 6, an adsorbent dose of 0.05 g, and a time of 240 min for the adsorption of lead onto the adsorbent, with an adsorbent uptake capacity of 9.93 mg g-1. According to the ANOVA analysis, pH was found to be the most significant factor with an F-value of 28.07. Isotherm and kinetic studies were also carried out to understand the mechanism of adsorption. Adsorption was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm and the second order kinetic model.
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