Antioxidant enzyme responses of Ephemera danica (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) to heavy metal stress
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether Ephemera danica Müller, 1764 larvae can serve as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution, using antioxidant enzymes as biomarkers. Larvae, water, and sediment from four localities were analysed for the presence of arsenic, chromium, cadmium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, and lead. The dependence of SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH activity in larvae on the concentration of metals in water, sediment, and larval tissue was examined. Heavy metal exposure was closely associated with changes in antioxidant mechanisms, indicating metal-induced oxidative stress. The different responses of SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH suggest varying sensitivities among components of the antioxidant system. In particular, GPx activity proved to be a reliable indicator of oxidative stress. These results confirm that E. danica larvae are a sensitive indicator of heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license 4.0 that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
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Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja
Grant numbers TR 31075
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